/*
    * Copyright 2016-2024 The OSHI Project Contributors
    * SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
    */
   package oshi.util;
   
   import java.math.BigInteger;
   import java.net.InetAddress;
   import java.net.UnknownHostException;
  import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
  import java.nio.ByteOrder;
  import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
  import java.time.LocalTime;
  import java.time.OffsetDateTime;
  import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;
  import java.time.format.DateTimeParseException;
  import java.util.ArrayList;
  import java.util.Arrays;
  import java.util.EnumMap;
  import java.util.EnumSet;
  import java.util.HashMap;
  import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Locale;
  import java.util.Map;
  import java.util.TimeZone;
  import java.util.regex.Matcher;
  import java.util.regex.Pattern;
  
  import org.slf4j.Logger;
  import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
  
  import oshi.annotation.SuppressForbidden;
  import oshi.annotation.concurrent.ThreadSafe;
  import oshi.util.tuples.Pair;
  import oshi.util.tuples.Triplet;
  
  /**
   * String parsing utility.
   */
  @ThreadSafe
  @SuppressForbidden(reason = "Require parse methods to parse in utility class")
  public final class ParseUtil {
  
      private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ParseUtil.class);
  
      private static final String DEFAULT_LOG_MSG = "{} didn't parse. Returning default. {}";
  
      /*
       * Used for matching
       */
      private static final Pattern HERTZ_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(\\d+(.\\d+)?) ?([kKMGT]?Hz).*");
      private static final Pattern BYTES_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(\\d+) ?([kKMGT]?B?).*");
      private static final Pattern UNITS_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("(\\d+(.\\d+)?)[\\s]?([kKMGT])?");
  
      /*
       * Used to check validity of a hexadecimal string
       */
      private static final Pattern VALID_HEX = Pattern.compile("[0-9a-fA-F]+");
  
      /*
       * Pattern for [dd-[hh:[mm:[ss[.sss]]]]]
       */
      private static final Pattern DHMS = Pattern.compile("(?:(\\d+)-)?(?:(\\d+):)??(?:(\\d+):)?(\\d+)(?:\\.(\\d+))?");
  
      /*
       * Pattern for a UUID
       */
      private static final Pattern UUID_PATTERN = Pattern
              .compile(".*([0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}).*");
  
      /*
       * Pattern for Windows DeviceID vendor and product ID and serial
       */
      private static final Pattern VENDOR_PRODUCT_ID_SERIAL = Pattern
              .compile(".*(?:VID|VEN)_(\\p{XDigit}{4})&(?:PID|DEV)_(\\p{XDigit}{4})(.*)\\\\(.*)");
  
      /*
       * Pattern for Linux lspci machine readable
       */
      private static final Pattern LSPCI_MACHINE_READABLE = Pattern.compile("(.+)\\s\\[(.*?)\\]");
  
      /*
       * Pattern for Linux lspci memory
       */
      private static final Pattern LSPCI_MEMORY_SIZE = Pattern.compile(".+\\s\\[size=(\\d+)([kKMGT])\\]");
  
      /*
       * Hertz related variables.
       */
      private static final String HZ = "Hz";
      private static final String KHZ = "kHz";
      private static final String MHZ = "MHz";
      private static final String GHZ = "GHz";
      private static final String THZ = "THz";
      private static final String PHZ = "PHz";
  
      private static final Map<String, Long> multipliers;
  
     // PDH timestamps are 1601 epoch, local time
     // Constants to convert to UTC millis
     private static final long EPOCH_DIFF = 11_644_473_600_000L;
     private static final int TZ_OFFSET = TimeZone.getDefault().getOffset(System.currentTimeMillis());
 
     /** Constant <code>whitespacesColonWhitespace</code> */
     public static final Pattern whitespacesColonWhitespace = Pattern.compile("\\s+:\\s");
 
     /** Constant <code>whitespaces</code> */
     public static final Pattern whitespaces = Pattern.compile("\\s+");
 
     /** Constant <code>notDigits</code> */
     public static final Pattern notDigits = Pattern.compile("[^0-9]+");
 
     /** Constant <code>startWithNotDigits</code> */
     public static final Pattern startWithNotDigits = Pattern.compile("^[^0-9]*");
 
     /** Constant <code>forwardSlash</code> */
     public static final Pattern slash = Pattern.compile("\\/");
 
     static {
         multipliers = new HashMap<>();
         multipliers.put(HZ, 1L);
         multipliers.put(KHZ, 1_000L);
         multipliers.put(MHZ, 1_000_000L);
         multipliers.put(GHZ, 1_000_000_000L);
         multipliers.put(THZ, 1_000_000_000_000L);
         multipliers.put(PHZ, 1_000_000_000_000_000L);
     }
 
     // Fast decimal exponentiation: pow(10,y) --> POWERS_OF_10[y]
     private static final long[] POWERS_OF_TEN = { 1L, 10L, 100L, 1_000L, 10_000L, 100_000L, 1_000_000L, 10_000_000L,
             100_000_000L, 1_000_000_000L, 10_000_000_000L, 100_000_000_000L, 1_000_000_000_000L, 10_000_000_000_000L,
             100_000_000_000_000L, 1_000_000_000_000_000L, 10_000_000_000_000_000L, 100_000_000_000_000_000L,
             1_000_000_000_000_000_000L };
 
     // Format returned by WMI for DateTime
     private static final DateTimeFormatter CIM_FORMAT = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyyMMddHHmmss.SSSSSSZZZZZ",
             Locale.US);
 
     private ParseUtil() {
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse hertz from a string, eg. "2.00MHz" is 2000000L.
      *
      * @param hertz Hertz size.
      * @return {@link java.lang.Long} Hertz value or -1 if not parseable.
      */
     public static long parseHertz(String hertz) {
         Matcher matcher = HERTZ_PATTERN.matcher(hertz.trim());
         if (matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() == 3) {
             // Regexp enforces #(.#) format so no test for NFE required
             double value = Double.valueOf(matcher.group(1)) * multipliers.getOrDefault(matcher.group(3), -1L);
             if (value >= 0d) {
                 return (long) value;
             }
         }
         return -1L;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse the last element of a space-delimited string to a value
      *
      * @param s The string to parse
      * @param i Default integer if not parsable
      * @return value or the given default if not parsable
      */
     public static int parseLastInt(String s, int i) {
         try {
             String ls = parseLastString(s);
             if (ls.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("0x")) {
                 return Integer.decode(ls);
             } else {
                 return Integer.parseInt(ls);
             }
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return i;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse the last element of a space-delimited string to a value
      *
      * @param s  The string to parse
      * @param li Default long integer if not parsable
      * @return value or the given default if not parsable
      */
     public static long parseLastLong(String s, long li) {
         try {
             String ls = parseLastString(s);
             if (ls.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT).startsWith("0x")) {
                 return Long.decode(ls);
             } else {
                 return Long.parseLong(ls);
             }
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return li;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse the last element of a space-delimited string to a value
      *
      * @param s The string to parse
      * @param d Default double if not parsable
      * @return value or the given default if not parsable
      */
     public static double parseLastDouble(String s, double d) {
         try {
             return Double.parseDouble(parseLastString(s));
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return d;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse the last element of a space-delimited string to a string
      *
      * @param s The string to parse
      * @return last space-delimited element
      */
     public static String parseLastString(String s) {
         String[] ss = whitespaces.split(s);
         // guaranteed at least one element
         return ss[ss.length - 1];
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a byte array into a string of hexadecimal digits including all array bytes as digits
      *
      * @param bytes The byte array to represent
      * @return A string of hex characters corresponding to the bytes. The string is upper case.
      */
     public static String byteArrayToHexString(byte[] bytes) {
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 2);
         for (byte b : bytes) {
             sb.append(Character.forDigit((b & 0xf0) >>> 4, 16));
             sb.append(Character.forDigit(b & 0x0f, 16));
         }
         return sb.toString().toUpperCase(Locale.ROOT);
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a string of hexadecimal digits into a byte array
      *
      * @param digits The string to be parsed
      * @return a byte array with each pair of characters converted to a byte, or empty array if the string is not valid
      *         hex
      */
     public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String digits) {
         int len = digits.length();
         // Check if string is valid hex
         if (!VALID_HEX.matcher(digits).matches() || (len & 0x1) != 0) {
             LOG.warn("Invalid hexadecimal string: {}", digits);
             return new byte[0];
         }
         byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
         for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
             data[i / 2] = (byte) (Character.digit(digits.charAt(i), 16) << 4
                     | Character.digit(digits.charAt(i + 1), 16));
         }
         return data;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a human readable ASCII string into a byte array, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the
      * array has the specified length.
      *
      * @param text   The string to be parsed
      * @param length Length of the returned array.
      * @return A byte array of specified length, with each of the first length characters converted to a byte. If length
      *         is longer than the provided string length, will be filled with zeroes.
      */
     public static byte[] asciiStringToByteArray(String text, int length) {
         return Arrays.copyOf(text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), length);
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert a long value to a byte array using Big Endian, truncating or padding with zeros (if necessary) so the
      * array has the specified length.
      *
      * @param value     The value to be converted
      * @param valueSize Number of bytes representing the value
      * @param length    Number of bytes to return
      * @return A byte array of specified length representing the long in the first valueSize bytes
      */
     public static byte[] longToByteArray(long value, int valueSize, int length) {
         long val = value;
         // Convert the long to 8-byte BE representation
         byte[] b = new byte[8];
         for (int i = 7; i >= 0 && val != 0L; i--) {
             b[i] = (byte) val;
             val >>>= 8;
         }
         // Then copy the rightmost valueSize bytes
         // e.g., for an integer we want rightmost 4 bytes
         return Arrays.copyOfRange(b, 8 - valueSize, 8 + length - valueSize);
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert a string to an integer representation.
      *
      * @param str  A human readable ASCII string
      * @param size Number of characters to convert to the long. May not exceed 8.
      * @return An integer representing the string where each character is treated as a byte
      */
     public static long strToLong(String str, int size) {
         return byteArrayToLong(str.getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII), size);
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert a byte array to its (long) integer representation assuming big endian ordering.
      *
      * @param bytes An array of bytes no smaller than the size to be converted
      * @param size  Number of bytes to convert to the long. May not exceed 8.
      * @return A long integer representing the byte array
      */
     public static long byteArrayToLong(byte[] bytes, int size) {
         return byteArrayToLong(bytes, size, true);
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert a byte array to its (long) integer representation in the specified endianness.
      *
      * @param bytes     An array of bytes no smaller than the size to be converted
      * @param size      Number of bytes to convert to the long. May not exceed 8.
      * @param bigEndian True to parse big-endian, false to parse little-endian
      * @return An long integer representing the byte array
      */
     public static long byteArrayToLong(byte[] bytes, int size, boolean bigEndian) {
         if (size > 8) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Can't convert more than 8 bytes.");
         }
         if (size > bytes.length) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Size can't be larger than array length.");
         }
         long total = 0L;
         for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
             if (bigEndian) {
                 total = total << 8 | bytes[i] & 0xff;
             } else {
                 total = total << 8 | bytes[size - i - 1] & 0xff;
             }
         }
         return total;
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert a byte array to its floating point representation.
      *
      * @param bytes  An array of bytes no smaller than the size to be converted
      * @param size   Number of bytes to convert to the float. May not exceed 8.
      * @param fpBits Number of bits representing the decimal
      * @return A float; the integer portion representing the byte array as an integer shifted by the bits specified in
      *         fpBits; with the remaining bits used as a decimal
      */
     public static float byteArrayToFloat(byte[] bytes, int size, int fpBits) {
         return byteArrayToLong(bytes, size) / (float) (1 << fpBits);
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert an unsigned integer to a long value. The method assumes that all bits in the specified integer value are
      * 'data' bits, including the most-significant bit which Java normally considers a sign bit. The method must be used
      * only when it is certain that the integer value represents an unsigned integer, for example when the integer is
      * returned by JNA library in a structure which holds unsigned integers.
      *
      * @param unsignedValue The unsigned integer value to convert.
      * @return The unsigned integer value widened to a long.
      */
     public static long unsignedIntToLong(int unsignedValue) {
         // use standard Java widening conversion to long which does
         // sign-extension,
         // then drop any copies of the sign bit, to prevent the value being
         // considered a negative one by Java if it is set
         long longValue = unsignedValue;
         return longValue & 0xffff_ffffL;
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert an unsigned long to a signed long value by stripping the sign bit. This method "rolls over" long values
      * greater than the max value but ensures the result is never negative.
      *
      * @param unsignedValue The unsigned long value to convert.
      * @return The signed long value.
      */
     public static long unsignedLongToSignedLong(long unsignedValue) {
         return unsignedValue & 0x7fff_ffff_ffff_ffffL;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string of hex digits to a string where each pair of hex digits represents an ASCII character
      *
      * @param hexString A sequence of hex digits
      * @return The corresponding string if valid hex; otherwise the original hexString
      */
     public static String hexStringToString(String hexString) {
         // Odd length strings won't parse, return
         if (hexString.length() % 2 > 0) {
             return hexString;
         }
         int charAsInt;
         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
         try {
             for (int pos = 0; pos < hexString.length(); pos += 2) {
                 charAsInt = Integer.parseInt(hexString.substring(pos, pos + 2), 16);
                 if (charAsInt < 32 || charAsInt > 127) {
                     return hexString;
                 }
                 sb.append((char) charAsInt);
             }
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, hexString, e);
             // Hex failed to parse, just return the existing string
             return hexString;
         }
         return sb.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to parse a string to an int. If it fails, returns the default
      *
      * @param s          The string to parse
      * @param defaultInt The value to return if parsing fails
      * @return The parsed int, or the default if parsing failed
      */
     public static int parseIntOrDefault(String s, int defaultInt) {
         try {
             return Integer.parseInt(s);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return defaultInt;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to parse a string to a long. If it fails, returns the default
      *
      * @param s           The string to parse
      * @param defaultLong The value to return if parsing fails
      * @return The parsed long, or the default if parsing failed
      */
     public static long parseLongOrDefault(String s, long defaultLong) {
         try {
             return Long.parseLong(s);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return defaultLong;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to parse a string to an "unsigned" long. If it fails, returns the default
      *
      * @param s           The string to parse
      * @param defaultLong The value to return if parsing fails
      * @return The parsed long containing the same 64 bits that an unsigned long would contain (which may produce a
      *         negative value)
      */
     public static long parseUnsignedLongOrDefault(String s, long defaultLong) {
         try {
             return new BigInteger(s).longValue();
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return defaultLong;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to parse a string to a double. If it fails, returns the default
      *
      * @param s             The string to parse
      * @param defaultDouble The value to return if parsing fails
      * @return The parsed double, or the default if parsing failed
      */
     public static double parseDoubleOrDefault(String s, double defaultDouble) {
         try {
             return Double.parseDouble(s);
         } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
             LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, s, e);
             return defaultDouble;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to parse a string of the form [DD-[hh:]]mm:ss[.ddd] to a number of milliseconds. If it fails, returns
      * the default.
      *
      * @param s           The string to parse
      * @param defaultLong The value to return if parsing fails
      * @return The parsed number of seconds, or the default if parsing fails
      */
     public static long parseDHMSOrDefault(String s, long defaultLong) {
         Matcher m = DHMS.matcher(s);
         if (m.matches()) {
             long milliseconds = 0L;
             if (m.group(1) != null) {
                 milliseconds += parseLongOrDefault(m.group(1), 0L) * 86_400_000L;
             }
             if (m.group(2) != null) {
                 milliseconds += parseLongOrDefault(m.group(2), 0L) * 3_600_000L;
             }
             if (m.group(3) != null) {
                 milliseconds += parseLongOrDefault(m.group(3), 0L) * 60_000L;
             }
             milliseconds += parseLongOrDefault(m.group(4), 0L) * 1000L;
             if (m.group(5) != null) {
                 milliseconds += (long) (1000 * parseDoubleOrDefault("0." + m.group(5), 0d));
             }
             return milliseconds;
         }
         return defaultLong;
     }
 
     /**
      * Attempts to parse a UUID. If it fails, returns the default.
      *
      * @param s          The string to parse
      * @param defaultStr The value to return if parsing fails
      * @return The parsed UUID, or the default if parsing fails
      */
     public static String parseUuidOrDefault(String s, String defaultStr) {
         Matcher m = UUID_PATTERN.matcher(s.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT));
         if (m.matches()) {
             return m.group(1);
         }
         return defaultStr;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string key = 'value' (string)
      *
      * @param line The entire string
      * @return the value contained between single tick marks
      */
     public static String getSingleQuoteStringValue(String line) {
         return getStringBetween(line, '\'');
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a string key = "value" (string)
      *
      * @param line the entire string
      * @return the value contained between double tick marks
      */
     public static String getDoubleQuoteStringValue(String line) {
         return getStringBetween(line, '"');
     }
 
     /**
      * Gets a value between two characters having multiple same characters between them. <b>Examples : </b>
      * <ul>
      * <li>"name = 'James Gosling's Java'" returns "James Gosling's Java"</li>
      * <li>"pci.name = 'Realtek AC'97 Audio Device'" returns "Realtek AC'97 Audio Device"</li>
      * </ul>
      *
      * @param line The "key-value" pair line.
      * @param c    The Trailing And Leading characters of the string line
      * @return : The value having the characters between them.
      */
     public static String getStringBetween(String line, char c) {
         int firstOcc = line.indexOf(c);
         if (firstOcc < 0) {
             return "";
         }
         return line.substring(firstOcc + 1, line.lastIndexOf(c)).trim();
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string such as "10.12.2" or "key = 1 (0x1) (int)" to find the integer value of the first set of one or
      * more consecutive digits
      *
      * @param line The entire string
      * @return the value of first integer if any; 0 otherwise
      */
     public static int getFirstIntValue(String line) {
         return getNthIntValue(line, 1);
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string such as "10.12.2" or "key = 1 (0x1) (int)" to find the integer value of the nth set of one or
      * more consecutive digits
      *
      * @param line The entire string
      * @param n    Which set of integers to return
      * @return the value of nth integer if any; 0 otherwise
      */
     public static int getNthIntValue(String line, int n) {
         // Split the string by non-digits,
         String[] split = notDigits.split(startWithNotDigits.matcher(line).replaceFirst(""));
         if (split.length >= n) {
             return parseIntOrDefault(split[n - 1], 0);
         }
         return 0;
     }
 
     /**
      * Removes all matching sub strings from the string. More efficient than regexp.
      *
      * @param original source String to remove from
      * @param toRemove the sub string to be removed
      * @return The string with all matching substrings removed
      */
     public static String removeMatchingString(final String original, final String toRemove) {
         if (original == null || original.isEmpty() || toRemove == null || toRemove.isEmpty()) {
             return original;
         }
 
         int matchIndex = original.indexOf(toRemove, 0);
         if (matchIndex == -1) {
             return original;
         }
 
         StringBuilder buffer = new StringBuilder(original.length() - toRemove.length());
         int currIndex = 0;
         do {
             buffer.append(original.substring(currIndex, matchIndex));
             currIndex = matchIndex + toRemove.length();
             matchIndex = original.indexOf(toRemove, currIndex);
         } while (matchIndex != -1);
 
         buffer.append(original.substring(currIndex));
         return buffer.toString();
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a delimited string to an array of longs. Optimized for processing predictable-length arrays such as
      * outputs of reliably formatted Linux proc or sys filesystem, minimizing new object creation. Users should perform
      * other sanity checks of data.
      *
      * As a special case, non-numeric fields (such as UUIDs in OpenVZ) at the end of the list are ignored. Values
      * greater than the max long value return the max long value.
      *
      * The indices parameters are referenced assuming the length as specified, and leading characters are ignored. For
      * example, if the string is "foo 12 34 5" and the length is 3, then index 0 is 12, index 1 is 34, and index 2 is 5.
      *
      * @param s         The string to parse
      * @param indices   An array indicating which indexes should be populated in the final array; other values will be
      *                  skipped. This idex is zero-referenced assuming the rightmost delimited fields of the string
      *                  contain the array.
      * @param length    The total number of elements in the string array. It is permissible for the string to have more
      *                  elements than this; leading elements will be ignored. This should be calculated once per text
      *                  format by {@link #countStringToLongArray}.
      * @param delimiter The character to delimit by.
      * @return If successful, an array of parsed longs. If parsing errors occurred, will be an array of zeros.
      */
     public static long[] parseStringToLongArray(String s, int[] indices, int length, char delimiter) {
         // Ensure that the last character is a number
         s = s.trim();
 
         long[] parsed = new long[indices.length];
         // Iterate from right-to-left of String
         // Fill right to left of result array using index array
         int charIndex = s.length();
         int parsedIndex = indices.length - 1;
         int stringIndex = length - 1;
 
         int power = 0;
         int c;
         boolean delimCurrent = false;
         boolean numeric = true;
         boolean numberFound = false; // ignore nonnumeric at end
         boolean dashSeen = false; // to flag uuids as nonnumeric
         while (--charIndex >= 0 && parsedIndex >= 0) {
             c = s.charAt(charIndex);
             if (c == delimiter) {
                 // first parseable number?
                 if (!numberFound && numeric) {
                     numberFound = true;
                 }
                 if (!delimCurrent) {
                     if (numberFound && indices[parsedIndex] == stringIndex--) {
                         parsedIndex--;
                     }
                     delimCurrent = true;
                     power = 0;
                     dashSeen = false;
                     numeric = true;
                 }
             } else if (indices[parsedIndex] != stringIndex || c == '+' || !numeric) {
                 // Doesn't impact parsing, ignore
                 delimCurrent = false;
             } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && !dashSeen) {
                 if (power > 18 || power == 17 && c == '9' && parsed[parsedIndex] > 223_372_036_854_775_807L) {
                     parsed[parsedIndex] = Long.MAX_VALUE;
                 } else {
                     parsed[parsedIndex] += (c - '0') * ParseUtil.POWERS_OF_TEN[power++];
                 }
                 delimCurrent = false;
             } else if (c == '-') {
                 parsed[parsedIndex] *= -1L;
                 delimCurrent = false;
                 dashSeen = true;
             } else {
                 // Flag as nonnumeric and continue unless we've seen a numeric
                 // error on everything else
                 if (numberFound) {
                     if (!noLog(s)) {
                         LOG.error("Illegal character parsing string '{}' to long array: {}", s, s.charAt(charIndex));
                     }
                     return new long[indices.length];
                 }
                 parsed[parsedIndex] = 0;
                 numeric = false;
             }
         }
         if (parsedIndex > 0) {
             if (!noLog(s)) {
                 LOG.error("Not enough fields in string '{}' parsing to long array: {}", s,
                         indices.length - parsedIndex);
             }
             return new long[indices.length];
         }
         return parsed;
     }
 
     /**
      * Test whether to log this message
      *
      * @param s The string to log
      * @return True if the string begins with {@code NOLOG}
      */
     private static boolean noLog(String s) {
         return s.startsWith("NOLOG: ");
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a delimited string to count elements of an array of longs. Intended to be called once to calculate the
      * {@code length} field for {@link #parseStringToLongArray}.
      *
      * As a special case, non-numeric fields (such as UUIDs in OpenVZ) at the end of the list are ignored.
      *
      * @param s         The string to parse
      * @param delimiter The character to delimit by
      * @return The number of parsable long values which follow the last unparsable value.
      */
     public static int countStringToLongArray(String s, char delimiter) {
         // Ensure that the last character is a number
         s = s.trim();
 
         // Iterate from right-to-left of String
         // Fill right to left of result array using index array
         int charIndex = s.length();
         int numbers = 0;
 
         int c;
         boolean delimCurrent = false;
         boolean numeric = true;
         boolean dashSeen = false; // to flag uuids as nonnumeric
         while (--charIndex >= 0) {
             c = s.charAt(charIndex);
             if (c == delimiter) {
                 if (!delimCurrent) {
                     if (numeric) {
                         numbers++;
                     }
                     delimCurrent = true;
                     dashSeen = false;
                     numeric = true;
                 }
             } else if (c == '+' || !numeric) {
                 // Doesn't impact parsing, ignore
                 delimCurrent = false;
             } else if (c >= '0' && c <= '9' && !dashSeen) {
                 delimCurrent = false;
             } else if (c == '-') {
                 delimCurrent = false;
                 dashSeen = true;
             } else {
                 // we found non-digit or delimiter. If not last field, exit
                 if (numbers > 0) {
                     return numbers;
                 }
                 // Else flag as nonnumeric and continue
                 numeric = false;
             }
         }
         // We got to beginning of string with only numbers, count start as a delimiter
         // and exit
         return numbers + 1;
     }
 
     /**
      * Get a String in a line of text between two marker strings
      *
      * @param text   Text to search for match
      * @param before Start matching after this text
      * @param after  End matching before this text
      * @return Text between the strings before and after, or empty string if either marker does not exist
      */
     public static String getTextBetweenStrings(String text, String before, String after) {
 
         String result = "";
 
         if (text.indexOf(before) >= 0 && text.indexOf(after) >= 0) {
             result = text.substring(text.indexOf(before) + before.length(), text.length());
             result = result.substring(0, result.indexOf(after));
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Convert a long representing filetime (100-ns since 1601 epoch) to ms since 1970 epoch
      *
      * @param filetime A 64-bit value equivalent to FILETIME
      * @param local    True if converting from a local filetime (PDH counter); false if already UTC (WMI PerfRawData
      *                 classes)
      * @return Equivalent milliseconds since the epoch
      */
     public static long filetimeToUtcMs(long filetime, boolean local) {
         return filetime / 10_000L - EPOCH_DIFF - (local ? TZ_OFFSET : 0L);
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a date in MM-DD-YYYY or MM/DD/YYYY to YYYY-MM-DD
      *
      * @param dateString The date in MM DD YYYY format
      * @return The date in ISO YYYY-MM-DD format if parseable, or the original string
      */
     public static String parseMmDdYyyyToYyyyMmDD(String dateString) {
         try {
             // Date is MM-DD-YYYY, convert to YYYY-MM-DD
             return String.format(Locale.ROOT, "%s-%s-%s", dateString.substring(6, 10), dateString.substring(0, 2),
                     dateString.substring(3, 5));
         } catch (StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
             return dateString;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Converts a string in CIM Date Format, as returned by WMI for DateTime types, into a
      * {@link java.time.OffsetDateTime}.
      *
      * @param cimDateTime A non-null DateTime String in CIM date format, e.g., <code>20160513072950.782000-420</code>
      * @return The parsed {@link java.time.OffsetDateTime} if the string is parsable, otherwise
      *         {@link oshi.util.Constants#UNIX_EPOCH}.
      */
     public static OffsetDateTime parseCimDateTimeToOffset(String cimDateTime) {
         // Keep first 22 characters: digits, decimal, and + or - sign
         // But alter last 3 characters from a minute offset to hh:mm
         try {
             // From WMI as 20160513072950.782000-420,
             int tzInMinutes = Integer.parseInt(cimDateTime.substring(22));
             // modified to 20160513072950.782000-07:00 which can be parsed
             LocalTime offsetAsLocalTime = LocalTime.MIDNIGHT.plusMinutes(tzInMinutes);
             return OffsetDateTime.parse(
                     cimDateTime.substring(0, 22) + offsetAsLocalTime.format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_LOCAL_TIME),
                     ParseUtil.CIM_FORMAT);
         } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException // if cimDate not 22+ chars
                 | NumberFormatException // if TZ minutes doesn't parse
                 | DateTimeParseException e) {
             LOG.trace("Unable to parse {} to CIM DateTime.", cimDateTime);
             return Constants.UNIX_EPOCH;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks if a file path equals or starts with an prefix in the given list
      *
      * @param prefixList A list of path prefixes
      * @param path       a string path to check
      * @return true if the path exactly equals, or starts with one of the strings in prefixList
      */
     public static boolean filePathStartsWith(List<String> prefixList, String path) {
         for (String match : prefixList) {
             if (path.equals(match) || path.startsWith(match + "/")) {
                 return true;
             }
         }
         return false;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string like "53G" or "54.904 M" to its long value.
      *
      * @param count A count with a multiplyer like "4096 M"
      * @return the count parsed to a long
      */
     public static long parseMultipliedToLongs(String count) {
         Matcher matcher = UNITS_PATTERN.matcher(count.trim());
         String[] mem;
         if (matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() == 3) {
             mem = new String[2];
             mem[0] = matcher.group(1);
             mem[1] = matcher.group(3);
         } else {
             mem = new String[] { count };
         }
 
         double number = ParseUtil.parseDoubleOrDefault(mem[0], 0L);
         if (mem.length == 2 && mem[1] != null && mem[1].length() >= 1) {
             switch (mem[1].charAt(0)) {
             case 'T':
                 number *= 1_000_000_000_000L;
                 break;
             case 'G':
                 number *= 1_000_000_000L;
                 break;
             case 'M':
                 number *= 1_000_000L;
                 break;
             case 'K':
             case 'k':
                 number *= 1_000L;
                 break;
             default:
             }
         }
         return (long) number;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string such as "4096 MB" to its long. Used to parse macOS and *nix memory chip sizes. Although the units
      * given are decimal they must parse to binary units.
      *
      * @param size A string of memory sizes like "4096 MB"
      * @return the size parsed to a long
      */
     public static long parseDecimalMemorySizeToBinary(String size) {
         String[] mem = ParseUtil.whitespaces.split(size);
         if (mem.length < 2) {
             // If no spaces, use regexp
             Matcher matcher = BYTES_PATTERN.matcher(size.trim());
             if (matcher.find() && matcher.groupCount() == 2) {
                 mem = new String[2];
                 mem[0] = matcher.group(1);
                 mem[1] = matcher.group(2);
             }
         }
         long capacity = ParseUtil.parseLongOrDefault(mem[0], 0L);
         if (mem.length == 2 && mem[1].length() > 1) {
             switch (mem[1].charAt(0)) {
             case 'T':
                 capacity <<= 40;
                 break;
             case 'G':
                 capacity <<= 30;
                 break;
             case 'M':
                 capacity <<= 20;
                 break;
             case 'K':
             case 'k':
                 capacity <<= 10;
                 break;
             default:
                 break;
             }
         }
         return capacity;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a Windows DeviceID to get the vendor ID, product ID, and Serial Number
      *
      * @param deviceId The DeviceID
      * @return A {@link Triplet} where the first element is the vendor ID, the second element is the product ID, and the
      *         third element is either a serial number or empty string if parsing was successful, or {@code null}
      *         otherwise
      */
     public static Triplet<String, String, String> parseDeviceIdToVendorProductSerial(String deviceId) {
         Matcher m = VENDOR_PRODUCT_ID_SERIAL.matcher(deviceId);
         if (m.matches()) {
             String vendorId = "0x" + m.group(1).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
             String productId = "0x" + m.group(2).toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
             String serial = m.group(4);
             return new Triplet<>(vendorId, productId, !m.group(3).isEmpty() || serial.contains("&") ? "" : serial);
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a Linux lshw resources string to calculate the memory size
      *
      * @param resources A string containing one or more elements of the form {@code memory:b00000000-bffffffff}
      * @return The number of bytes consumed by the memory in the {@code resources} string
      */
     public static long parseLshwResourceString(String resources) {
         long bytes = 0L;
         // First split by whitespace
         String[] resourceArray = whitespaces.split(resources);
         for (String r : resourceArray) {
             // Remove prefix
             if (r.startsWith("memory:")) {
                 // Split to low and high
                 String[] mem = r.substring(7).split("-");
                 if (mem.length == 2) {
                     try {
                         // Parse the hex strings
                         bytes += Long.parseLong(mem[1], 16) - Long.parseLong(mem[0], 16) + 1;
                     } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                         LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, r, e);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         return bytes;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a Linux lspci machine readble line to its name and id
      *
      * @param line A string in the form Foo [bar]
      * @return A pair separating the String before the square brackets and within them if found, null otherwise
      */
     public static Pair<String, String> parseLspciMachineReadable(String line) {
         Matcher matcher = LSPCI_MACHINE_READABLE.matcher(line);
         if (matcher.matches()) {
             return new Pair<>(matcher.group(1), matcher.group(2));
         }
         return null;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a Linux lspci line containing memory size
      *
      * @param line A string in the form Foo [size=256M]
      * @return A the memory size in bytes
      */
     public static long parseLspciMemorySize(String line) {
         Matcher matcher = LSPCI_MEMORY_SIZE.matcher(line);
         if (matcher.matches()) {
             return parseDecimalMemorySizeToBinary(matcher.group(1) + " " + matcher.group(2) + "B");
         }
         return 0;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a space-delimited list of integers which include hyphenated ranges to a list of just the integers. For
      * example, 0 1 4-7 parses to a list containing 0, 1, 4, 5, 6, and 7. Also support comma separated entries like 0,
      * 2-5, 7-8, 9 to a list containing 0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9.
      *
      * @param str A string containing space-delimited integers or ranges of integers with a hyphen
      * @return A list of integers representing the provided range(s).
      */
     public static List<Integer> parseHyphenatedIntList(String str) {
         List<Integer> result = new ArrayList<>();
         String[] csvTokens = str.split(",");
         for (String csvToken : csvTokens) {
             csvToken = csvToken.trim();
             for (String s : whitespaces.split(csvToken)) {
                 if (s.contains("-")) {
                     int first = getFirstIntValue(s);
                     int last = getNthIntValue(s, 2);
                     for (int i = first; i <= last; i++) {
                         result.add(i);
                     }
                 } else {
                     int only = ParseUtil.parseIntOrDefault(s, -1);
                     if (only >= 0) {
                         result.add(only);
                     }
                 }
             }
         }
         return result;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse an integer in big endian IP format to its component bytes representing an IPv4 address
      *
      * @param ip The address as an integer
      * @return The address as an array of four bytes
      */
     public static byte[] parseIntToIP(int ip) {
         return ByteBuffer.allocate(4).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN).putInt(ip).array();
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse an integer array in big endian IP format to its component bytes representing an IPv6 address
      *
      * @param ip6 The address as an integer array
      * @return The address as an array of sizteen bytes
      */
     public static byte[] parseIntArrayToIP(int[] ip6) {
         ByteBuffer bb = ByteBuffer.allocate(16).order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
         for (int i : ip6) {
             bb.putInt(i);
         }
         return bb.array();
     }
 
     /**
      * TCP network addresses and ports are in big endian format by definition. The order of the two bytes in the 16-bit
      * unsigned short port value must be reversed
      *
      * @param port The port number in big endian order
      * @return The port number
      * @see <a href= "https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/winsock/nf-winsock-ntohs">ntohs</a>
      */
     public static int bigEndian16ToLittleEndian(int port) {
         // 20480 = 0x5000 should be 0x0050 = 80
         // 47873 = 0xBB01 should be 0x01BB = 443
         return port >> 8 & 0xff | port << 8 & 0xff00;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse an integer array to an IPv4 or IPv6 as appropriate.
      * <p>
      * Intended for use on Utmp structures's {@code ut_addr_v6} element.
      *
      * @param utAddrV6 An array of 4 integers representing an IPv6 address. IPv4 address uses just utAddrV6[0]
      * @return A string representation of the IP address.
      */
     public static String parseUtAddrV6toIP(int[] utAddrV6) {
         if (utAddrV6.length != 4) {
             throw new IllegalArgumentException("ut_addr_v6 must have exactly 4 elements");
         }
         // IPv4 has only first element
         if (utAddrV6[1] == 0 && utAddrV6[2] == 0 && utAddrV6[3] == 0) {
             // Special case for all 0's
             if (utAddrV6[0] == 0) {
                 return "::";
             }
             // Parse using InetAddress
             byte[] ipv4 = ByteBuffer.allocate(4).putInt(utAddrV6[0]).array();
             try {
                 return InetAddress.getByAddress(ipv4).getHostAddress();
             } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
                 // Shouldn't happen with length 4 or 16
                 return Constants.UNKNOWN;
             }
         }
         // Parse all 16 bytes
         byte[] ipv6 = ByteBuffer.allocate(16).putInt(utAddrV6[0]).putInt(utAddrV6[1]).putInt(utAddrV6[2])
                 .putInt(utAddrV6[3]).array();
         try {
             return InetAddress.getByAddress(ipv6).getHostAddress()
                     .replaceAll("((?:(?:^|:)0+\\b){2,8}):?(?!\\S*\\b\\1:0+\\b)(\\S*)", "::$2");
         } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
             // Shouldn't happen with length 4 or 16
             return Constants.UNKNOWN;
         }
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string of hex digits to an int value.
      *
      * @param hexString    A sequence of hex digits
      * @param defaultValue default value to return if parsefails
      * @return The corresponding int value
      */
     public static int hexStringToInt(String hexString, int defaultValue) {
         if (hexString != null) {
             try {
                 if (hexString.startsWith("0x")) {
                     return new BigInteger(hexString.substring(2), 16).intValue();
                 } else {
                     return new BigInteger(hexString, 16).intValue();
                 }
             } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                 LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, hexString, e);
             }
         }
         // Hex failed to parse, just return the default long
         return defaultValue;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a string of hex digits to a long value.
      *
      * @param hexString    A sequence of hex digits
      * @param defaultValue default value to return if parsefails
      * @return The corresponding long value
      */
     public static long hexStringToLong(String hexString, long defaultValue) {
         if (hexString != null) {
             try {
                 if (hexString.startsWith("0x")) {
                     return new BigInteger(hexString.substring(2), 16).longValue();
                 } else {
                     return new BigInteger(hexString, 16).longValue();
                 }
             } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                 LOG.trace(DEFAULT_LOG_MSG, hexString, e);
             }
         }
         // Hex failed to parse, just return the default long
         return defaultValue;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a String "....foo" to "foo"
      *
      * @param dotPrefixedStr A string with possibly leading dots
      * @return The string without the dots
      */
     public static String removeLeadingDots(String dotPrefixedStr) {
         int pos = 0;
         while (pos < dotPrefixedStr.length() && dotPrefixedStr.charAt(pos) == '.') {
             pos++;
         }
         return pos < dotPrefixedStr.length() ? dotPrefixedStr.substring(pos) : "";
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a null-delimited byte array to a list of strings.
      *
      * @param bytes A byte array containing Strings delimited by null characters. Two consecutive null characters mark
      *              the end of the list.
      * @return A list of Strings between the nulls.
      */
     public static List<String> parseByteArrayToStrings(byte[] bytes) {
         List<String> strList = new ArrayList<>();
         int start = 0;
         int end = 0;
         // Iterate characters
         do {
             // If we've reached a delimiter or the end of the array, add to list
             if (end == bytes.length || bytes[end] == 0) {
                 // Zero length string means two nulls, we're done
                 if (start == end) {
                     break;
                 }
                 // Otherwise add string and reset start
                 // Intentionally using platform default charset
                 strList.add(new String(bytes, start, end - start, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                 start = end + 1;
             }
         } while (end++ < bytes.length);
         return strList;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a null-delimited byte array to a map of string keys and values.
      *
      * @param bytes A byte array containing String key-value pairs with keys and values delimited by {@code =} and pairs
      *              delimited by null characters. Two consecutive null characters mark the end of the map.
      * @return A map of String key-value pairs between the nulls.
      */
     public static Map<String, String> parseByteArrayToStringMap(byte[] bytes) {
         // API does not specify any particular order of entries, but it is reasonable to
         // maintain whatever order the OS provided to the end user
         Map<String, String> strMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         int start = 0;
         int end = 0;
         String key = null;
         // Iterate characters
         do {
             // If we've reached a delimiter or the end of the array, add to list
             if (end == bytes.length || bytes[end] == 0) {
                 // Zero length string with no key, we're done
                 if (start == end && key == null) {
                     break;
                 }
                 // Otherwise add string (possibly empty) and reset start
                 // Intentionally using platform default charset
                 strMap.put(key, new String(bytes, start, end - start, StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
                 key = null;
                 start = end + 1;
             } else if (bytes[end] == '=' && key == null) {
                 key = new String(bytes, start, end - start, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                 start = end + 1;
             }
         } while (end++ < bytes.length);
         return strMap;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parse a null-delimited char array to a map of string keys and values.
      *
      * @param chars A char array containing String key-value pairs with keys and values delimited by {@code =} and pairs
      *              delimited by null characters. Two consecutive null characters mark the end of the map.
      * @return A map of String key-value pairs between the nulls.
      */
     public static Map<String, String> parseCharArrayToStringMap(char[] chars) {
         // API does not specify any particular order of entries, but it is reasonable to
         // maintain whatever order the OS provided to the end user
         Map<String, String> strMap = new LinkedHashMap<>();
         int start = 0;
         int end = 0;
         String key = null;
         // Iterate characters
         do {
             // If we've reached a delimiter or the end of the array, add to list
             if (end == chars.length || chars[end] == 0) {
                 // Zero length string with no key, we're done
                 if (start == end && key == null) {
                     break;
                 }
                 // Otherwise add string (possibly empty) and reset start
                 // Intentionally using platform default charset
                 strMap.put(key, new String(chars, start, end - start));
                 key = null;
                 start = end + 1;
             } else if (chars[end] == '=' && key == null) {
                 key = new String(chars, start, end - start);
                 start = end + 1;
             }
         } while (end++ < chars.length);
         return strMap;
     }
 
     /**
      * Parses a delimited String into an enum map. Multiple consecutive delimiters are treated as one.
      *
      * @param <K>    a type extending Enum
      * @param clazz  The enum class
      * @param values A delimited String to be parsed into the map
      * @param delim  the delimiter to use
      * @return An EnumMap populated in order using the delimited String values. If there are fewer String values than
      *         enum values, the later enum values are not mapped. The final enum value will contain the remainder of the
      *         String, including excess delimiters.
      */
     public static <K extends Enum<K>> Map<K, String> stringToEnumMap(Class<K> clazz, String values, char delim) {
         EnumMap<K, String> map = new EnumMap<>(clazz);
         int start = 0;
         int len = values.length();
         EnumSet<K> keys = EnumSet.allOf(clazz);
         int keySize = keys.size();
         for (K key : keys) {
             // If this is the last enum, put the index at the end of the string, otherwise
             // put at delimiter
             int idx = --keySize == 0 ? len : values.indexOf(delim, start);
             if (idx >= 0) {
                 map.put(key, values.substring(start, idx));
                 start = idx;
                 do {
                     start++;
                 } while (start < len && values.charAt(start) == delim);
             } else {
                 map.put(key, values.substring(start));
                 break;
             }
         }
         return map;
     }
 
     /**
      * Checks if value exists in map for the given key or not and returns value or unknown based on it
      *
      * @param map A map of String key-value pairs
      * @param key Fetch value for the given key
      * @return Returns the value for the key if it exists in the map else it returns unknown
      */
     public static String getValueOrUnknown(Map<String, String> map, String key) {
         String value = map.getOrDefault(key, "");
         return value.isEmpty() ? Constants.UNKNOWN : value;
     }
 }